The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.